Most of us think that tears are a complex phenomenon of human emotion. However, all vertebrates, even reptiles and birds, share the same tears.
A new study, published this week in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science, reveals that animal tears are not that different from ours.
In fact, the chemical similarities are so great that the tear composition of other species - and how they adapt to their environment - can provide insight into better treatments for human eye disease.
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Previously, scientists had only studied the tears of a handful of mammals, including humans, dogs, horses, camels and monkeys.
However, in the latest study, Brazilian veterinarians analyzed the tears of reptiles and birds for the first time, focusing on seven species: barn owl; blue-yellow macaw; roadside hawk; wide muzzle caiman; and loggerhead, hawksbill and green turtles.
Tears, which are secreted from the tear ducts (in humans and some other mammals) or other similar glands, form a layer over the eye that is made up of three ingredients: mucus, water, and oil.
Mucus coats the surface of the eye and helps bind a thin layer on the eye, water is a natural saline solution containing essential proteins and minerals, and oil prevents dry eyes.
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Humans are the only species known to produce emotional tears; the phrase "crocodile tears", which refers to a person's display of false emotions, stems from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to shed tears while they eat.
Even so, tears played a key role besides crying, notes Lionel Sebbag on the National Geographic page. They aid vision by lubricating the eyes and cleaning them of dirt. They also protect the eye from infection and nourish the cornea, the clear outer layer of the eye, which lacks blood vessels, he said.
"What an interesting look at such a diverse species diversity," Sebbag said of the new study.
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